{
    "lazyNodes": false,
    "abFitnotesFlag": false,
    "abCrawlReviews": false,
    "productOptionsCookie": false,
    "orderDelayFlag": false,
    "skipSessionCookie": false,
    "covidMessage": false,
    "fullTitleCookie": false,
    "nrLoggerCookie": false,
    "checkoutReviewCookie": false,
    "productOptionSeqCookie": false,
    "maintenanceFlag": false,
    "bufferETACookie": false,
    "multiShippingDiscountFlag": false,
    "newFitmentFlag": false,
    "surveyOptInFlag": false,
    "crossSellFlag": false,
    "skuMappingFlag": false,
    "paySplitCookie": false,
    "callDisableFlag": false,
    "zipPaymentFlag": "u",
    "hassleFreeReturn": false,
    "lifetimeReplacement": false,
    "cpn_off": false
}
2013 Ram 2500

2013 Ram 2500 Exhaust Manifold Gaskets

Refine by:

Shop Catalog

Showing 1 - 15 of 20 results
Display item:
15
30
45
Sort by:
Exhaust Manifold Gasket, 8 Cyl., 5.7L Engine
Part Number: RD96210001
Guaranteed to Fit
$21.82
Vehicle Fitment
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Outdoorsman 8 Cyl 5.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Power Wagon 8 Cyl 5.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 SLT 8 Cyl 5.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 ST 8 Cyl 5.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Big Horn 8 Cyl 5.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Lone Star 8 Cyl 5.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Laramie 8 Cyl 5.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Tradesman 8 Cyl 5.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 SXT 8 Cyl 5.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Laramie Longhorn 8 Cyl 5.7L
Product Details
Warranty : 1-year Replacement unlimited-mileage warrantyQuantity Sold : Set of 2Prop 65 Warning :

Warning SymbolWARNING: This product can expose you to chemicals including Lead, which is known to the State of California to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm. For more information go to www.P65Warnings.ca.gov.

Interchange Part Number : MS97083, 111034401, MS19832Replaces OE Number : 111034401, MS19832Product Fit : Direct FitReturns Policy : 30-Day Return Policy
Exhaust Manifold Gasket - Direct Fit, Set of 2
Part Number: SET-RD96210001-2
Guaranteed to Fit
$33.99
Vehicle Fitment
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Outdoorsman 8 Cyl 5.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Power Wagon 8 Cyl 5.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 SLT 8 Cyl 5.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 ST 8 Cyl 5.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Big Horn 8 Cyl 5.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Lone Star 8 Cyl 5.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Laramie 8 Cyl 5.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Tradesman 8 Cyl 5.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 SXT 8 Cyl 5.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Laramie Longhorn 8 Cyl 5.7L
Product Details
Warranty : 1-year Replacement unlimited-mileage warrantyQuantity Sold : Set of 2Prop 65 Warning :

Warning SymbolWARNING: This product can expose you to chemicals including Lead, which is known to the State of California to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm. For more information go to www.P65Warnings.ca.gov.

Interchange Part Number : MS97083, 111034401, MS19832Replaces OE Number : 111034401, MS19832Product Fit : Direct FitReturns Policy : 30-Day Return Policy
Exhaust Manifold Gasket - Direct Fit, Set
Part Number: RD96210002
Guaranteed to Fit
$5.99
Vehicle Fitment
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Laramie 6 Cyl 6.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 SLT 6 Cyl 6.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Outdoorsman 6 Cyl 6.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Tradesman 6 Cyl 6.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Lone Star 6 Cyl 6.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 SXT 6 Cyl 6.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Laramie Longhorn 6 Cyl 6.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Big Horn 6 Cyl 6.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 ST 6 Cyl 6.7L
Product Details
Warranty : 1-year Replacement unlimited-mileage warrantyQuantity Sold : SetProp 65 Warning :

Warning SymbolWARNING: This product can expose you to chemicals including Lead, which is known to the State of California to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm. For more information go to www.P65Warnings.ca.gov.

Interchange Part Number : MS96677, 5135789AB, MS19225, MS4730, 111027801Replaces OE Number : 5135789AB, MS19225, MS4730, 111027801Product Fit : Direct FitReturns Policy : 30-Day Return Policy
Exhaust Manifold Gasket - Steel core laminate, Direct Fit, Set of 2
Part Number: FPMS97083
Guaranteed to Fit
$26.49
Vehicle Fitment
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Outdoorsman 8 Cyl 5.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Power Wagon 8 Cyl 5.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 SLT 8 Cyl 5.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 ST 8 Cyl 5.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Big Horn 8 Cyl 5.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Lone Star 8 Cyl 5.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Laramie 8 Cyl 5.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Tradesman 8 Cyl 5.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 SXT 8 Cyl 5.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Laramie Longhorn 8 Cyl 5.7L
Product Details
Warranty : 1-year Felpro limited warrantyQuantity Sold : Set of 2Prop 65 Warning :

Warning SymbolWARNING: This product can expose you to chemical which is known to the State of California to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm. For more information go to www.P65Warnings.ca.gov.

Interchange Part Number : RD96210001, 111034401, MS19832Replaces OE Number : 111034401, MS19832Material : Steel core laminateRecommended Use : OE ReplacementProduct Fit : Direct Fit
Exhaust Manifold Gasket - Steel, Direct Fit, Kit
Part Number: RB57073
Guaranteed to Fit
$83.99
Vehicle Fitment
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Outdoorsman 8 Cyl 5.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 SLT 8 Cyl 5.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 ST 8 Cyl 5.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Big Horn 8 Cyl 5.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Laramie 8 Cyl 5.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Tradesman 8 Cyl 5.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 SXT 8 Cyl 5.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Laramie Longhorn 8 Cyl 5.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Power Wagon 8 Cyl 5.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Lone Star 8 Cyl 5.7L
Product Details
Location : Driver Or Passenger SideNotes : 69.5 mm Exhaust Flange Hardware Length; M10 x 1.5 Exhaust Flange Nut Thread Dimension; Coarse Exhaust Flange Hardware Thread Type; Multi-Layer Exhaust Manifold Gasket Type; Includes (2) Exhaust Manifold to Cylinder Head Gaskets, Exhaust Manifold to Cylinder Head Hardware, (4) Bolts and (4) Flange NutsWarranty : Lifetime Dorman limited warrantyQuantity Sold : KitProp 65 Warning :

Warning SymbolWARNING: This product can expose you to chemical which is known to the State of California to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm. For more information go to www.P65Warnings.ca.gov.

Interchange Part Number : 5045495AA, 5045496AA, 6509863AA, 6510141AAReplaces OE Number : 5045495AA, 5045496AA, 6509863AA, 6510141AAMaterial : SteelRecommended Use : OE ReplacementProduct Fit : Direct Fit
Exhaust Manifold Gasket - Direct Fit, Set
Part Number: FPMS96677
Guaranteed to Fit
$13.99
Vehicle Fitment
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Laramie 6 Cyl 6.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 SLT 6 Cyl 6.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Outdoorsman 6 Cyl 6.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Tradesman 6 Cyl 6.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Lone Star 6 Cyl 6.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 SXT 6 Cyl 6.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Laramie Longhorn 6 Cyl 6.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Big Horn 6 Cyl 6.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 ST 6 Cyl 6.7L
Product Details
Quantity Sold : SetProp 65 Warning :

Warning SymbolWARNING: This product can expose you to chemical which is known to the State of California to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm. For more information go to www.P65Warnings.ca.gov.

Interchange Part Number : RD96210002, 5135789AB, MS19225, MS4730, 111027801Replaces OE Number : 5135789AB, MS19225, MS4730, 111027801Product Fit : Direct Fit
Exhaust Manifold Gasket - Direct Fit, Set of 6
Part Number: DNJEG1166
Guaranteed to Fit
$19.99
Vehicle Fitment
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Tradesman 6 Cyl 6.7L Exhaust
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Lone Star 6 Cyl 6.7L Exhaust
  • 2013 Ram 2500 SXT 6 Cyl 6.7L Exhaust
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Laramie 6 Cyl 6.7L Exhaust
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Laramie Longhorn 6 Cyl 6.7L Exhaust
  • 2013 Ram 2500 SLT 6 Cyl 6.7L Exhaust
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Big Horn 6 Cyl 6.7L Exhaust
  • 2013 Ram 2500 ST 6 Cyl 6.7L Exhaust
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Outdoorsman 6 Cyl 6.7L Exhaust
Product Details
Warranty : 1 year or 12,000-mile DNJ limited warrantyQuantity Sold : Set of 6Prop 65 Warning :

Warning SymbolWARNING: This product can expose you to chemical which is known to the State of California to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm. For more information go to www.P65Warnings.ca.gov.

Interchange Part Number : RD96210002Product Fit : Direct Fit
Exhaust Manifold Gasket - Steel, Direct Fit, Sold individually
Part Number: CR5045496AA
Guaranteed to Fit
$15.49
Vehicle Fitment
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Outdoorsman 8 Cyl 5.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Power Wagon 8 Cyl 5.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 SLT 8 Cyl 5.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 ST 8 Cyl 5.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Big Horn 8 Cyl 5.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Lone Star 8 Cyl 5.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Laramie 8 Cyl 5.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Tradesman 8 Cyl 5.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 SXT 8 Cyl 5.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Laramie Longhorn 8 Cyl 5.7L
Product Details
Location : Passenger SideNotes : Right SideWarranty : 1 year or 12,000-mile Crown limited warrantyQuantity Sold : Sold individuallyProp 65 Warning :

Warning SymbolWARNING: This product can expose you to chemical which is known to the State of California to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm. For more information go to www.P65Warnings.ca.gov.

Replaces OE Number : 5045496, 53032966AFMaterial : SteelRecommended Use : OE ReplacementProduct Fit : Direct Fit
OE Replacement Series Exhaust Manifold Gasket - Direct Fit, Sold individually
Part Number: MOP05045496AA
Guaranteed to Fit
$28.99
Vehicle Fitment
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Outdoorsman 8 Cyl 5.7L Eng. VIN: T
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Power Wagon 8 Cyl 5.7L Eng. VIN: T
  • 2013 Ram 2500 SLT 8 Cyl 5.7L Eng. VIN: 2
  • 2013 Ram 2500 ST 8 Cyl 5.7L Eng. VIN: T
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Big Horn 8 Cyl 5.7L Eng. VIN: T
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Lone Star 8 Cyl 5.7L Eng. VIN: T
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Laramie 8 Cyl 5.7L Eng. VIN: T
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Tradesman 8 Cyl 5.7L Eng. VIN: T
  • 2013 Ram 2500 SXT 8 Cyl 5.7L Eng. VIN: T
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Laramie Longhorn 8 Cyl 5.7L Eng. VIN: T
Product Details
Location : Passenger SideWarranty : 36-month or 36,000-mile Mopar limited warrantyQuantity Sold : Sold individuallyProp 65 Warning :

Warning SymbolWARNING: This product can expose you to chemical which is known to the State of California to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm. For more information go to www.P65Warnings.ca.gov.

Series : OE Replacement SeriesRecommended Use : OE ReplacementProduct Fit : Direct Fit
OE Replacement Series Exhaust Manifold Gasket - Direct Fit, Sold individually
Part Number: MOP05045495AA
Guaranteed to Fit
$29.99
Vehicle Fitment
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Outdoorsman 8 Cyl 5.7L Eng. VIN: T
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Power Wagon 8 Cyl 5.7L Eng. VIN: T
  • 2013 Ram 2500 SLT 8 Cyl 5.7L Eng. VIN: 2
  • 2013 Ram 2500 ST 8 Cyl 5.7L Eng. VIN: T
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Big Horn 8 Cyl 5.7L Eng. VIN: T
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Lone Star 8 Cyl 5.7L Eng. VIN: T
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Laramie 8 Cyl 5.7L Eng. VIN: T
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Tradesman 8 Cyl 5.7L Eng. VIN: T
  • 2013 Ram 2500 SXT 8 Cyl 5.7L Eng. VIN: T
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Laramie Longhorn 8 Cyl 5.7L Eng. VIN: T
Product Details
Location : Driver SideWarranty : 36-month or 36,000-mile Mopar limited warrantyQuantity Sold : Sold individuallyProp 65 Warning :

Warning SymbolWARNING: This product can expose you to chemical which is known to the State of California to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm. For more information go to www.P65Warnings.ca.gov.

Series : OE Replacement SeriesRecommended Use : OE ReplacementProduct Fit : Direct Fit
OE Replacement Series Exhaust Manifold Gasket - Direct Fit, Sold individually
Part Number: MOP52122213AB
Guaranteed to Fit
$20.49
Vehicle Fitment
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Tradesman 6 Cyl 6.7L Eng. VIN: L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Lone Star 6 Cyl 6.7L Eng. VIN: L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 SXT 6 Cyl 6.7L Eng. VIN: L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Laramie 6 Cyl 6.7L Eng. VIN: L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Laramie Longhorn 6 Cyl 6.7L Eng. VIN: L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 SLT 6 Cyl 6.7L Eng. VIN: L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Big Horn 6 Cyl 6.7L Eng. VIN: L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 ST 6 Cyl 6.7L Eng. VIN: L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Outdoorsman 6 Cyl 6.7L Eng. VIN: L
Product Details
Location : FrontWarranty : 36-month or 36,000-mile Mopar limited warrantyQuantity Sold : Sold individuallyProp 65 Warning :

Warning SymbolWARNING: This product can expose you to chemical which is known to the State of California to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm. For more information go to www.P65Warnings.ca.gov.

Series : OE Replacement SeriesRecommended Use : OE ReplacementProduct Fit : Direct Fit
Exhaust Manifold Gasket - Set
Part Number: APXAMS13901
Guaranteed to Fit
$8.49
Vehicle Fitment
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Tradesman 6 Cyl 6.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Lone Star 6 Cyl 6.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 SXT 6 Cyl 6.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Laramie 6 Cyl 6.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Laramie Longhorn 6 Cyl 6.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 SLT 6 Cyl 6.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Big Horn 6 Cyl 6.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 ST 6 Cyl 6.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Outdoorsman 6 Cyl 6.7L
Product Details
Warranty : Lifetime APEX limited warrantyQuantity Sold : SetProp 65 Warning :

Warning SymbolWARNING: This product can expose you to chemical which is known to the State of California to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm. For more information go to www.P65Warnings.ca.gov.

Exhaust Manifold Gasket - Steel, Direct Fit, Sold individually
Part Number: CR5045495AA
Guaranteed to Fit
$15.49
Vehicle Fitment
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Outdoorsman 8 Cyl 5.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Power Wagon 8 Cyl 5.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 SLT 8 Cyl 5.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 ST 8 Cyl 5.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Big Horn 8 Cyl 5.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Lone Star 8 Cyl 5.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Laramie 8 Cyl 5.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Tradesman 8 Cyl 5.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 SXT 8 Cyl 5.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Laramie Longhorn 8 Cyl 5.7L
Product Details
Location : Driver SideNotes : Left SideWarranty : 1 year or 12,000-mile Crown limited warrantyQuantity Sold : Sold individuallyProp 65 Warning :

Warning SymbolWARNING: This product can expose you to chemical which is known to the State of California to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm. For more information go to www.P65Warnings.ca.gov.

Replaces OE Number : 5045495, 53032965Material : SteelRecommended Use : OE ReplacementProduct Fit : Direct Fit
Exhaust Manifold Gasket - Set
Part Number: APXAMS11891
Guaranteed to Fit
$22.99
Vehicle Fitment
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Outdoorsman 8 Cyl 5.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Power Wagon 8 Cyl 5.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 SLT 8 Cyl 5.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 ST 8 Cyl 5.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Big Horn 8 Cyl 5.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Lone Star 8 Cyl 5.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Laramie 8 Cyl 5.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Tradesman 8 Cyl 5.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 SXT 8 Cyl 5.7L
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Laramie Longhorn 8 Cyl 5.7L
Product Details
Warranty : Lifetime APEX limited warrantyQuantity Sold : SetProp 65 Warning :

Warning SymbolWARNING: This product can expose you to chemical which is known to the State of California to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm. For more information go to www.P65Warnings.ca.gov.

Exhaust Manifold Gasket - Direct Fit, Set of 2
Part Number: DNJEG1163
Guaranteed to Fit
$23.99
Vehicle Fitment
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Outdoorsman 8 Cyl 5.7L Eng. VIN: T, OHV, GAS, With HEMI Engine, 16 Valve, Exhaust
  • 2013 Ram 2500 SLT 8 Cyl 5.7L Eng. VIN: T, OHV, GAS, With HEMI Engine, 16 Valve, Exhaust
  • 2013 Ram 2500 ST 8 Cyl 5.7L Eng. VIN: T, OHV, GAS, With HEMI Engine, 16 Valve, Exhaust
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Big Horn 8 Cyl 5.7L Eng. VIN: T, OHV, GAS, With HEMI Engine, 16 Valve, Exhaust
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Laramie 8 Cyl 5.7L Eng. VIN: T, OHV, GAS, With HEMI Engine, 16 Valve, Exhaust
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Tradesman 8 Cyl 5.7L Eng. VIN: T, OHV, GAS, With HEMI Engine, 16 Valve, Exhaust
  • 2013 Ram 2500 SXT 8 Cyl 5.7L Eng. VIN: T, OHV, GAS, With HEMI Engine, 16 Valve, Exhaust
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Laramie Longhorn 8 Cyl 5.7L Eng. VIN: T, OHV, GAS, With HEMI Engine, 16 Valve, Exhaust
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Power Wagon 8 Cyl 5.7L Eng. VIN: T, OHV, GAS, With HEMI Engine, 16 Valve, Exhaust
  • 2013 Ram 2500 Lone Star 8 Cyl 5.7L Eng. VIN: T, OHV, GAS, With HEMI Engine, 16 Valve, Exhaust
Product Details
Warranty : 1 year or 12,000-mile DNJ limited warrantyQuantity Sold : Set of 2Prop 65 Warning :

Warning SymbolWARNING: This product can expose you to chemical which is known to the State of California to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm. For more information go to www.P65Warnings.ca.gov.

Recommended Use : OE ReplacementProduct Fit : Direct Fit
Page 1 of 2 | Showing 1 - 15 of 20 results

Top Rated Products

It arrived on time, the packaging was very nice, it fits great, just what I needed toSee More
Jereme M.
VERIFIED PURCHASER
These fit like factory perfect
Tyler J.
VERIFIED PURCHASER
Correct parts provided. Timely delivery.
Terry K.
VERIFIED PURCHASER

Popular Products

Helpful Automotive Resources

Exhaust Gasket Guide: Function, How to Replace, and FAQs
Exhaust Gasket Guide: Function, How to Replace, and FAQsThese gaskets help seal the gap between the engine block and the exhaust pipe. They prevent leaks and ensure exhaust gas flows through the catalytic converter. Are Exhaust Gaskets Different From Donut Gaskets?
P0042 Code: HO2S Heater Control Circuit Bank 1 Sensor 3
P0042 Code: HO2S Heater Control Circuit Bank 1 Sensor 3Bank 1 is the side of the engine where the #1 cylinder is located. P0042 code is set when your car’s PCM determines a potential problem with the heater element circuit of the oxygen sensor.
How to Tell if Your Exhaust Manifold is Leaking
How to Tell if Your Exhaust Manifold is LeakingThe signs of exhaust leaks are often very apparent. If your car is suffering from a leaking exhaust manifold or manifold gasket, you’ll likely notice one or more of the following symptoms:  Ticking or Tapping Noise
Exhaust Manifold Gasket Problems: Symptoms and What To Do
Exhaust Manifold Gasket Problems: Symptoms and What To DoModern engines will have some kind of exhaust manifold gasket today. Because heads are aluminum and exhaust manifolds are steel, the gasket will either be steel, or, in some cases, it may be some kind of composite asbestos or aramid type material heavily coated with slippery graphite to handle the
Why Gaskets Are Important In an Engine
Why Gaskets Are Important In an EngineGaskets in cars play a critical role in keeping oil and coolant contained in their corresponding pressurized channels.