P2196 Code: O2 Sensor Signal Biased/Stuck Rich (Bank 1, Sensor 1)

Reviewed by

Richard McCuistian, ASE Certified Master Automobile Technician

Technical Reviewer at CarParts.com

Written by CarParts.com Research Team - Updated on May 27th, 2024

Reading Time: 6 minutes
Summary
  • The P2196 diagnostic trouble code (DTC) means “O2 Sensor Signal Biased/Stuck Rich (Bank 1, Sensor 1).” It’s triggered when the powertrain control module (PCM) detects that the air-fuel ratio has deviated far from ideal proportions.
  • The P2196 code can be caused by a failed oxygen or mass air flow sensor, sensor circuit problems, fuel system problems, Evaporative Emission Control System (EVAP) issues, or a bad PCM.
  • The issues causing the P2196 code can result in an illuminated check engine light, reduced engine power, a rough running engine, misfires, reduced fuel economy, and excessive smoke from the exhaust.

The oxygen sensors are essential to maintaining the ideal air/fuel mixture in your engine. They tell the powertrain control module (PCM) the amount of oxygen in the exhaust stream. Knowing the ratio of fuel to air enables the PCM to make any necessary changes to the engine’s air/fuel mixture.

The P2196 code is one of the engine codes that indicate an issue in the oxygen sensor. If left unresolved, it can cause drivability problems and diminish your engine’s performance. Read on to learn about its meaning, possible causes, common symptoms, and more.

What Does the P2196 Code Mean?

The P2196 code indicates an issue in the oxygen sensor between the catalytic converter and the engine.

Diagnostic trouble code (DTC) P2196 stands for “O2 Sensor Signal Biased/Stuck Rich (Bank 1, Sensor 1).” It is triggered when the PCM detects that the air/fuel ratio has deviated so far from the ideal proportions (14.7:1) that the PCM can no longer correct it.

The P2196 code indicates an issue in the oxygen sensor between the catalytic converter and the engine. Bank 1 refers to the side of the engine where the cylinder 1 is located.

P2196 is a generic OBD-II trouble code, so it is supported by various makes and models.

Fuel Trim and P2196

The PCM uses short fuel trim for instantaneous corrections. The O2 voltage trace has pronounced analog waves above and below 0.5 volts with the short fuel trim responding to each movement of the O2 waveform. But when short fuel trim reaches its limit, long fuel trim begins to apply adaptive learning to ratchet upwards until short fuel trim can return to the center of its scale. That’s why short fuel trim will usually be hovering on either side of zero while long fuel trim may be deep into plus or minus double digits.

In the case of a stored P2196 code, long fuel trim and short fuel trim are likely to be at their positive limit, indicating a seriously out-of-balance condition beyond the ECM/PCM’s adjustment range. In other words, the O2 sensor voltage will top out in the rich range and stay there.

What are the Possible Causes of the P2196 Code?

O2 sensor circuit problems, such as damaged wires and loose connections can cause the P2196 code.

Many issues can cause this code, and they may vary depending on your vehicle’s make and model. For example, the issues that can set a P2196 code in a Ford may slightly differ from the problems that can trigger a P2196 in a Hyundai. Here are some of the possible triggers of the code:

  • O2 sensor circuit problems, such as damaged wires and loose connections
  • Damaged/Failing O2 sensor (Sensor 1, Bank 1)
  • Rich condition due to a fuel system problem (e.g., faulty pressure regulator)
  • Saturated EVAP canister or other EVAP problems
  • Rich condition due to problems with other sensors, such as the mass air flow sensor
  • PCM issues

What are the Common Symptoms of the P2196 Code?

The most common symptom of the error code P2196 is an illuminated check engine light. However, take note that the check engine light can activate due to many other reasons. 

Here are some of the other symptoms related to a P2196 code:

  • Loss of engine power
  • Rough running and misfiring
  • Reduced fuel economy
  • Noticeable/Excessive smoke from the exhaust pipe

How to Diagnose the P2196 Code

Resolving this code can be challenging, as it involves accurately diagnosing the problem. If you are not confident that you can pinpoint what triggered the code on your own, it is best to leave the job to a certified mechanic.

However, if you think you’ve got the automotive DIY repair skills, here are videos you can watch to help refresh your knowledge on code P2196:

How to Fix the P2196 Code

The diagnostics and repair procedures for this code may vary depending on the vehicle’s specific make and model. It may be difficult to determine the right fix immediately, especially if you’re not familiar with auto repair.

Research confirmed fixes for the P2196 code that are specific to your car. Consult online auto repair resources and guides and don’t forget to check your owner’s manual before starting repairs.

Where To Find a Quality O2 Sensor Replacement

Here’s the thing: the P2196 code is a big red flag that you can’t just ignore unless you don’t mind driving a vehicle that accelerates poorly, misfires, and stalls from time to time. These typically happen due to a faulty O2 sensor, which is often the culprit behind the P2196 code. To save yourself all that trouble, why not get a new O2 sensor as soon as possible with CarParts.com?

CarParts.com offers a wide selection of OE-grade products from the most trusted manufacturers in the industry. Plus, you can say goodbye to long wait times thanks to our strategically located warehouses around the US. If you order before 12PM ET, you can expect your new O2 sensor to arrive in as fast as two business days!

Don’t wait until the problem gets worse, and get a brand new O2 sensor from CarParts.com today.

Products Mentioned in this Guide

Shop this Project

DriveWire – Oxygen Sensor, 4-Wire, Heated, With Female Connector
$24.49 Price and rating may change from the time content is published.
DriveWire – Oxygen Sensor, 4-Wire, Heated
$51.99 Price and rating may change from the time content is published.
DriveWire – Mass Air Flow Sensor, 4/6/8 Cyl. Engines, Sensor Only
$25.99 Price and rating may change from the time content is published.
About The Authors
Reviewed By Richard McCuistian, ASE Certified Master Automobile Technician

Technical Reviewer at CarParts.com

Richard McCuistian has worked for nearly 50 years in the automotive field as a professional technician, an instructor, and a freelance automotive writer for Motor Age, ACtion magazine, Power Stroke Registry, and others. Richard is ASE certified for more than 30 years in 10 categories, including L1 Advanced Engine Performance and Light Vehicle Diesel.

Written By CarParts.com Research Team

Automotive and Tech Writers

The CarParts.com Research Team is composed of experienced automotive and tech writers working with (ASE)-certified automobile technicians and automotive journalists to bring up-to-date, helpful information to car owners in the US. Guided by CarParts.com's thorough editorial process, our team strives to produce guides and resources DIYers and casual car owners can trust.

Any information provided on this Website is for informational purposes only and is not intended to replace consultation with a professional mechanic. The accuracy and timeliness of the information may change from the time of publication.

View Comments

  • Ami meda me da dos códigos el escaner el p2196 y el p2198 y ya cambie los sensores de oxígeno y sigue el problema me sigue marcando los dos mismos códigos necesito alluda porfavor es un cx9 2010 mazda

    • Hello,

      You're likely dealing with a rich running condition that is causing the O2 sensors to read rich. Since the problem is on both banks, look for an issue that would cause a rich running condition on all cylinders (e.g., a bad fuel pressure regulator, faulty MAF, etc.).

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Published by
CarParts.com Research Team and Richard McCuistian, ASE Certified Master Automobile Technician