P0780 Code: Shift Malfunction

Reviewed by

Richard McCuistian, ASE Certified Master Automobile Technician

Technical Reviewer at CarParts.com

Written by CarParts.com Research Team - Updated on June 15th, 2024

Reading Time: 3 minutes
Summary
  • DTC P0780 stands for “Shift Malfunction,” and this is triggered when the input and output speed sensors are unable to determine if the hydraulic pressure in the transmission matches the appropriate RPM and engine load.
  • Low transmission fluid, malfunctioning shift solenoids, and faulty input and output speed sensors are some of the issues that could trigger the code.
  • Some of the symptoms of code P0780 include a lit check engine light, shifting problems, slipping, and whining noises from the transmission.

There are several diagnostic trouble codes related to the transmission. One of them is code P0780.

What Does the P0780 Code Mean?

P0780 stands for “Shift Malfunction.” It’s a generic diagnostic trouble code that usually applies to OBD-II-equipped vehicles from Ford, Honda, Mazda, Volkswagen, and other manufacturers.

Code P0780 is only applicable for vehicles with automatic transmissions. The code may register on your scan tool if your powertrain control module (PCM) detects a problem with your automatic transmission system.

The transmission controller uses input and output speed sensors to determine if the hydraulic pressure in the transmission matches the appropriate RPM and engine load. Any mechanical or electronic malfunction during this process may trigger a P0780 code.

The P0780 code can register on your scan tool if your PCM detects a problem with your automatic transmission system.

P0780 on Some Mazda Vehicles

Mazda describes the P0780 detection strategy as follows:

  1. If gear ratio malfunction or clutch-slip occurs while in any forward gear and vehicle is driven while gear ratio fail-safe is engaged or there is forced use of gear speeds in which clutch slip occurs is restricted.
  2. If the TCM has determined that the vehicle may have a damaged clutch due to the clutch not engaging when the TCM directs engagement according to oil pressure switch input.

Hydraulic Pressure in the Transmission

Automatic transmissions apply their clutch pack assemblies using hydraulic pressure controlled within the transmission. The heart of this kind of automatic transmission are planetary gear sets, each of which consists of a sun gear, planet gears, and a ring gear. Older transmissions had only one planetary gearset while newer transmissions have more than one.

Holding and driving different parts of these gear sets provides all gear ranges, including reverse. If, for some reason, a holding or driving clutch is not fully applied and begins to slip, the PCM instantly detects the slippage.

There isn’t much lining on those clutches, and it’s very easy to burn them out. That’s why the default is to “max out” the line pressure used to apply the clutches, which typically causes harsh shift engagements, but the higher pressure during clutch application will also protect the clutches from slipping unless they’ve already lost their lining. So, this is for the elimination (if possible) of slipping.

Note:  The definition of P0780: Shift Malfunction may vary depending on the vehicle manufacturer. Consult the appropriate repair manual or repair database for the exact definition.

What are the Possible Causes of P0780?

A P0780 code may be triggered due to the following causes:

What are the Common Symptoms of the P0780 Code?

A malfunctioning transmission shift may exhibit the following symptoms:

A malfunctioning input or output speed sensor is one of the possible causes of code P0780.

How to Diagnose the P0780 Code

A P0780 code can be difficult to diagnose because some of its causes and symptoms may overlap with other diagnostic trouble codes.

How to Fix the P0780 Code

Not all vehicles are the same. Some makes and models have specific instructions for fixing the problems that trigger a  P0780. If you don’t follow the procedures in your vehicle’s repair manual, you can end up damaging your ride’s internal components. Before attempting any repairs, you first need to identify the underlying causes that have triggered the P0780 code.

If you decide to fix the code yourself, you’ll need to conduct an accurate diagnosis of your vehicle to figure out what repairs are needed. We highly recommend using online auto repair resources to educate yourself on specific OBD-II codes. ALLDATA has single-vehicle subscriptions that include detailed factory repair information.

You can also bring your vehicle to the nearest repair shop and have it checked by a trained professional. They can give you a complete breakdown of your vehicle’s issues and perform the necessary repairs, so that you don’t have to do it yourself. This is an excellent option if you don’t mind paying for labor.

About The Authors
Reviewed By Richard McCuistian, ASE Certified Master Automobile Technician

Technical Reviewer at CarParts.com

Richard McCuistian has worked for nearly 50 years in the automotive field as a professional technician, an instructor, and a freelance automotive writer for Motor Age, ACtion magazine, Power Stroke Registry, and others. Richard is ASE certified for more than 30 years in 10 categories, including L1 Advanced Engine Performance and Light Vehicle Diesel.

Written By CarParts.com Research Team

Automotive and Tech Writers

The CarParts.com Research Team is composed of experienced automotive and tech writers working with (ASE)-certified automobile technicians and automotive journalists to bring up-to-date, helpful information to car owners in the US. Guided by CarParts.com's thorough editorial process, our team strives to produce guides and resources DIYers and casual car owners can trust.

Any information provided on this Website is for informational purposes only and is not intended to replace consultation with a professional mechanic. The accuracy and timeliness of the information may change from the time of publication.

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Published by
CarParts.com Research Team and Richard McCuistian, ASE Certified Master Automobile Technician