A typical heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (A/C) unit has vents, ducts, and air doors that help provide the cabin with enough airflow. Aside from air conditioning, the unit is also capable of defrosting and heating functions.
A manual or automatic A/C & Heater Control system has a heat function that can be set according to the driver’s preferences. Activating the heater will turn the air conditioning function off, modify airflow, and alter the fan speed.
Activating the heater will also cause the system to draw air from the outside. For faster heating, the driver can select “recirculation” for the first few minutes.
The A/C accumulator is a filtering component in the A/C system located between the evaporator and the compressor. It prevents liquid refrigerant from reaching the compressor, stores a reserve of refrigerant, and holds the desiccant (removes moisture from the system).
Accumulators are used on fixed orifice tube systems. They essentially protect the compressor from failing due to liquid slugging, ensure oil return, and retain moisture and contaminants from the system.
The A/C Accumulator Tube O-Ring prevents liquids and gasses from leaking from the orifice tube and stops them from reaching the compressor.
This O-ring is a component of the A/C Accumulator – a cylindrical device that acts as a filter for liquids and gasses. It is most commonly found in modern air conditioning systems that feature fixed-orifice tubes at the inlet to the evaporator. These systems are also known as cycling clutch orifice tube systems or CCOT systems.
The A/C accumulator tube outlet is part of a vehicle’s A/C accumulator, which ensures that no liquid refrigerant enters the vehicle’s A/C compressor. The accumulator is essentially a storage tank with a tube that enters from the top, loops inside the container, and circles back to the top. This configuration allows vapor to accumulate at the bottom of the loop, falling through a hole and entering the tank. The accumulator tube outlet is one of the tubes that direct refrigerant.
The A/C actuator is a small motor that moves an HVAC door or valve by operating in forward or reverse motion, thus changing the direction that cooled or heated air is going in the A/C. The actuator enables you to adjust the position of the vents that release air into the compartment. Thanks to the A/C actuators, you can switch between fresh air and recirculation modes, change the airflow between hot and cold, and toggle the floor and defrost modes.
The A/C Belt Tensioner helps maintain tension in the serpentine or drive belt. It’s attached to the A/C condenser, transferring energy from the engine crankshaft. In some vehicles, the A/C belt tensioner instead maintains the tension on a separate A/C V-belt, which also connects to the condenser. Like other tensioners, the A/C belt tensioner serves to apply tension to the connected belt, keeping it tight to avoid slippage. Belt tensioners are typically made from metal, but some modern tensioners can also be made out of plastic.
An A/C belt tensioner pulley is a pulley that pulls the vehicle’s serpentine belt so that the belt doesn’t have excessive slack that might cause it to rub or slip. The pulley wheel includes a bearing in the middle, which allows the pulley to spin with little resistance. The constant tension can cause the A/C belt tensioner pulley to shift and become misaligned. This can cause a range of issues with the belt, even causing it to stop working.
The A/C blower motor wheel is a fan that propels air through the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system. This part might be needed if the airflow from the vents is weak or nonexistent or if you hear strange sounds from under the dash. The A/C blower motor wheel is found on the blower motor, which powers the fan. It lets you adjust the temperature in your vehicle’s interior to your preference.
The A/C Bracket is used to support the air conditioning (A/C) system’s parts by holding them in position so engine vibrations are less likely to move and displace any parts. This allows the coolant to safely move through the A/C system and protect various A/C parts from additional wear. A/C brackets also allow the driver to customize and swap their existing compressor with a different one.
The A/C Clutch Cycle Switch, also known as the clutch cycling switch, measures the air pressure in the air conditioning system’s evaporator. It cycles the A/C compressor and deactivates the compressor clutch field coil to prevent the evaporator from forming ice when the temperature drops. When the evaporator gets hotter, it turns the compressor back on. It also prevents the compressor from operating when refrigerant levels are low.
The A/C Clutch Relay is a type of electromechanical relay that lets the air conditioning electronic control module control the compressor clutch. It’s usually found in the same area as the other fuses and relays in the engine compartment.
The A/C clutch relay uses a coil to control the contacts. An open relay will disengage the compressor. On the other hand, the compressor clutch will engage once the electronic control module powers the relay’s coil and closes the contacts.
The A/C Compressor is responsible for circulating refrigerant throughout the air conditioning system. This component is powered by the engine using the accessory drive belt.
The A/C compressor has an intake side and a discharge side. The intake side is responsible for drawing in refrigerant gas from the evaporator outlet. The refrigerant gas is then compressed and directed to the condenser where it transfers the heat absorbed from the inside of the vehicle.
The A/C compressor clutch receives energy from the engine. It engages when the A/C is turned on and rotates when disengaged to prevent excessive strain on the engine and other related components.
The A/C compressor clutch also keeps the A/C from running non-stop to improve fuel economy.
The A/C compressor clutch connector is wiring that connects the vehicle’s A/C compressor clutch to its wiring harness. This wiring typically has a male connector. It’s important because it sends the voltage signal that engages or disengages the A/C compressor clutch. The compressor clutch is the part that activates the A/C compressor, which is the main component that creates cooling.
The A/C Compressor Clutch Hub engages and disengages the A/C compressor that pumps refrigerant through the air conditioning system. This part might be needed if you have to replace a bad A/C compressor clutch hub after it starts making rattling noises and displays other warning signs.
The A/C compressor clutch hub is attached to the end of the compressor input shaft, and it engages with the rotor pulley. The A/C compressor needs the A/C compressor clutch hub to drive it.
The A/C Compressor Connector is an important component of the A/C system. It connects the A/C compressor to the vehicle’s electrical system, allowing the A/C compressor to function efficiently.
Without this connector, the A/C compressor wouldn’t be able to communicate with the electrical system consistently, causing the compressor to malfunction at times.
A/C compressor connectors can vary in size and shape, but they’re usually sold individually.
The A/C compressor control relay regulates the power that flows through the compressor and clutch.
Relays are generally magnetic switches that use a movable armature to control a high-amperage circuit.
Computers control relays, but they’re still capable of handling current to power motors and other accessories.
Most relays typically have a coil and other terminals to control load current. Over time, these parts can wear out, which can lead to problems like inconsistent A/C cooling or no cooling at all.
The A/C compressor control valve regulates the flow of refrigerant throughout the cooling system. It’s typically located in the A/C compressor.
Like most parts, the valve is computer-controlled. The electronic control module determines the appropriate position for the control valve based on the readings from temperature and compressor pressure sensors.
The A/C compressor gasket is a part that seals the connection between the A/C compressor and the A/C hoses attached to it. This part might be needed if you have a damaged or worn-out gasket that causes a refrigerant leak and loss of pressure in the A/C system. A/C compressor gaskets fit between the A/C compressor and the A/C hose. The A/C compressor needs these seals to ensure that the A/C works smoothly.
The A/C Compressor Hose Seal is a round rubber seal that can be found on either end of a compressor hose. The seal serves to keep refrigerant inside the system at potential escape points. Without it, refrigerant would easily escape through the gaps around the hose’s two openings. If enough refrigerant happened to leak out, the system would be unable to properly cool the air in the vehicle’s cabin, leading to uncomfortable cabin temperatures.
The A/C Compressor Kit is a set of components that can repair an inoperative A/C compressor. It typically includes a replacement A/C compressor, an expansion valve, an accumulator, o-rings, and a drier filter. The exact contents of the kit can vary depending on the manufacturer and the vehicle it’s made for.
The A/C Compressor Oil lubricates the A/C system’s moving parts and seals its rubber components. It also allows heat to escape from the compressor. On one hand, not having enough A/C compressor oil in the system results in poor lubrication and high temperatures that may cause oil scorching on the suction side of the compressor. On the other hand, too much oil increases the load on the piston-crank system.
The A/C compressor pulley connects the vehicle’s A/C compressor and the serpentine belt. The pulley wheel is typically made from machined aluminum, steel, or plastic, which is specifically shaped to secure the serpentine belt during function. The pulley wheel also has bearings that allow it to rotate freely. The pulley allows power from the engine to reach the A/C compressor, which allows it to function. Without it, the A/C system won’t be able to create cooling.
The A/C Compressor Repair Kit is a collection of tools and parts that can be used to repair a vehicle’s A/C compressor. Kits include items like compressor oil, o-rings, and gaskets. The exact contents of a kit depend on the brand and the vehicle model it is meant to service. A/C compressor repair kits make ordering replacement parts and tools easier.
An A/C Compressor Wiring Harness connects the A/C Compressor to the terminal. Wiring harnesses are used to gather all the wires of a specific system, organizing them all into a singular unit to simplify installation and uninstallation. This reduces labor time, as well as overall effort when it comes to setting up and removing the A/C Compressor.
The A/C Condenser is a heat exchanger that cools the gaseous refrigerant and converts it to liquid. It’s made up of different tubes and is usually located behind the grille and in front of the radiator.
The A/C Condenser Fan Switch activates or deactivates the A/C condenser fan. The A/C condenser fan cools gaseous refrigerant, turning it into a cool liquid. As a liquid, it can be converted into a cool vapor via the evaporator and it can be used to cool the cabin.
The A/C control knob is a part that adjusts the cooling performance of the air conditioner upon rotation. It might be needed if the original knob has worn out or fails to change the A/C cooling level. The A/C control knob is on the dashboard with the manual climate control system. The A/C control knob lets you adjust the cabin temperature to your preference.
The A/C control panel is where the buttons and controls of the HVAC system are located.
The buttons and knobs on the control panel let the driver or passenger adjust the cabin temperature according to their preferences.
The A/C control switch is the dashboard-mounted control that allows the driver or passengers to turn the A/C system on or off. The control switch can also control the fan’s power setting. Most vehicles have unique A/C control switches that are specifically designed to fit on their dashboards. The A/C control switch can just be a single knob that controls fan speed or several knobs that control other A/C functions.
The A/C desiccant bag is a bag that contains a hygroscopic substance that absorbs moisture in the A/C system. It needs to be replaced if it has prematurely failed or reached the end of its service life. The A/C desiccant bag is usually located near the condenser in most cars. The air conditioning relies on the A/C desiccant bag to control moisture levels in the cooled air. Moisture can damage the battery and electronic parts in electric cars.
The A/C Discharge and Liquid Line is a combination of two different lines, the discharge line and the liquid line. The discharge line handles the hot, high-pressure refrigerant vapor as it exits the compressor on its way to the condenser. Meanwhile, the liquid line contains warm, high-pressure liquid refrigerant as it flows out of the condenser back to the evaporator and expansion device. In an A/C discharge and liquid line, the two lines are conjoined at a single point.
The A/C evaporator helps facilitate the heat exchange necessary for the air conditioning unit to work. It cools down the air that passes through its fins, passing the heat to the refrigerant.
The A/C evaporator helps reduce humidity in the cabin, which typically increases when there are passengers breathing moisture into the space. This part removes condensed moisture from the air that passes through its fins.
The A/C Evaporator Inlet Hose transports the liquid refrigerant from the condenser’s outlet to the evaporator’s inlet. This part might be needed if the current or stock hose has worn out and begun leaking refrigerant. A/C evaporator inlet hoses are found between the condenser and evaporator, and the tough hoses have crimped fittings on either end that tightly seal connection points. The evaporator needs the inlet hose to supply it with refrigerant from the condenser to lower the temperature of air blowing into the cabin.
The A/C Evaporator Motor helps circulate air through the evaporator and forces cool air to enter the passenger compartment. It typically comes with a squirrel cage-type fan.
The A/C evaporator motor plays a crucial role in the evaporator’s cooling function. Essentially, the evaporator transfers heat from the air to the refrigerant flowing through it.
The A/C Evaporator Seal is a type of seal that helps secure the A/C evaporator’s case. It can also be used to form a tight connection between the evaporator and other components, such as the outlet hose. A/C evaporator seals come in different shapes and sizes, and you can purchase them individually or in a set together with other mounting hardware. They’re typically made of durable rubber or foam that can withstand the high temperatures and pressure in the cooling system.
The A/C Evaporator Tube O-Ring is a round gasket that creates a leak-free seal between the A/C evaporator tubes and the rest of the A/C system. It prevents A/C refrigerant from leaking out of the A/C evaporator tubes. This keeps the refrigerant contained as it moves and cools down through the evaporator’s flow paths. There are multiple o-rings in the system to seal the different tubes.
The A/C expansion valve or thermal expansion valve regulates refrigerant flow and relieves excess pressure before it’s funneled into the evaporator. The valve reduces refrigerant fluid pressure and lowers its temperature before it’s sprayed into the evaporator, where it absorbs heat from the surrounding air. Regulating the amount of refrigerant entering the evaporator ensures optimal cooling performance and improves energy efficiency.
The A/C Expansion Valve O-Ring seals the connections between the expansion valve and pipes. This part might be needed if you have refrigerant and pressure leaks caused by a degraded or damaged A/C expansion valve O-ring. A/C expansion valve O-rings fit over the connection ports of the A/C expansion valve, and they help maintain the refrigerant flow and pressure in the system. The HVAC system relies on A/C expansion valve O-rings to prevent loss of refrigerant and pressure.
The Air Conditioning (A/C) Flush Kit is a tool kit that removes refrigerant oil and debris when retrofitting or replacing a vehicle’s A/C compressor. It’s usually comprised of a canister, hose, nozzle, air cut-off valve, and an instruction manual. To use a flush kit, you typically have to fill the canister with a flush solvent and pressurize it with shop air. Most flush kits are easy to use and can quickly get rid of any contaminants, moisture, and acid from your A/C system.
The A/C Hose transfers refrigerant between the A/C compressor, condenser, and evaporator. It is designed to contain high-pressure gas as well as low-pressure liquids. A/C hoses are made from rubber, thermoplastic elastomers, and metal braiding to handle high pressures, extreme temperatures, and chemicals.
The A/C Idler Pulley maintains the belt tension in the vehicle’s air conditioning system by allowing it to slip when needed without putting stress on the vehicle. Its location varies depending on the model.
The A/C Line Repair Kit contains the tools and fittings for repairing the A/C lines on your vehicle without removing the damaged lines from the vehicle or replacing the lines. This part might be needed if one or more A/C lines have leaks and need splicing. Depending on the exact product, A/C line repair kits might contain splices, line ends, and spare A/C lines. The A/C hoses might need the fittings in the A/C line repair kit to splice them onto A/C lines.
The A/C O-ring seals the connection between A/C parts like the condenser, evaporator, and refrigerant line. This part might be needed if refrigerant leaks from a damaged or worn-out O-ring, or if you replace A/C parts. A/C O-rings fit between the A/C parts they seal, such as the A/C refrigerant hose and its connector. A/C parts like the accumulator compressor, condenser, and evaporator rely on the A/C O-ring to prevent refrigerant leaks.
The Air conditioning (A/C) O-Ring and Gasket Seal Kit is a repair kit consisting of o-rings and gasket seals in different sizes for the air conditioning system. An A/C o-ring refers to a rubber ring that can withstand constant pressures and high and low temperatures. It’s usually used to seal the connection between two parts. Similarly, an A/C gasket seal helps prevent refrigerant and oil leaks by sealing two A/C components together.
Like A/C hoses, the A/C pipe also transports refrigerant throughout the A/C system. The A/C pipes transfer refrigerant between components like the evaporator, condenser, and compressor. A/C pipes are segments of metal piping combined with flexible hoses. Since the refrigerant can either be in the form of a high-pressure gas or freezing liquid, A/C pipes need to withstand high pressures and extreme temperatures.
The A/C Receiver Drier traps moisture and contaminants in the A/C system. This part might be needed if your vehicle’s current receiver driver gives off unpleasant smells, makes unusual noises, and leaks. A/C receiver dryers are found between the condenser outlet and the expansion valve inlet, and they also temporarily receive refrigerant and oil when there’s no need for the latter. The A/C system relies on the A/C receiver drier to dry and clean the cooled air sent to the cabin.
The A/C Refrigerant Discharge Hose is a line that connects the A/C compressor to the A/C condenser. It allows high-pressure refrigerant to flow from the A/C compressor to the A/C condenser, allowing the A/C system to function efficiently. A/C refrigerant discharge hoses come with metal fittings that ensure a leakproof connection between the compressor and condenser. Over time, however, the discharge hose can degrade and allow refrigerant to leak.
The A/C Refrigerant Hose transfers refrigerant between A/C components like the compressor, evaporator, and condenser. The A/C refrigerant hose is typically made from durable and heat-resistant materials, such as rubber or aluminum.
Also known as the A/C pressure switch, the A/C Safety Switch is responsible for monitoring the refrigerant pressure within the A/C system. When the pressure drops or exceeds the optimal range, the A/C safety switch shuts down the compressor. This prevents damage to the system and saves you from expensive repairs. Most vehicles have two A/C safety switches, one for the low-pressure side and another for the high-pressure side.
An A/C Service Kit is a repair kit that includes various A/C components for conducting A/C repairs. The parts included in the kit vary, with some kits including more parts than others.
Some common A/C parts found in A/C service kits are A/C compressors, condensers, evaporators, hoses, driers, expansion valves, and O-rings. The inclusions are typically not universal, so purchasing one that suits a vehicle’s make and model is essential for proper repairs.
The A/C Service Valve is an airtight fitting that enables service access to the vehicle’s A/C system for evacuating and recharging the refrigerant. This part might be needed to fix refrigerant leaks and other problems associated with a damaged or worn-out A/C service valve. Many A/C service valves are mounted on the A/C refrigerant hoses, and you can use them to measure the pressure in the A/C system. The A/C needs the service valve to help regulate the refrigerant level and pressure.
The A/C Switch, also known as the HVAC pressure switch or temperature switch, is an electrical switch that turns the compressor on and off. It protects the A/C from high and low pressure, which can damage the A/C system. The A/C switch is usually made of durable metal, polymer, or plastic that can withstand temperature cycling in the A/C system. Some A/C switches are plug-in mount types, making them easier to install.
The A/C System Valve Core is a cartridge-type check valve assembly with a spring. When the actuation shaft is depressed, the A/C system valve core moves to allow fluid to pass through. As soon as the actuation shaft is released, its internal spring seats the valve core back into a mating threaded cavity. A seal in between the valve core and its housing prevents any leaks. Valve cores can also vary in threads and bodies.
The A/C Thermo Switch is an electrical component that monitors the air in the vehicle’s cabin. It switches the system on or off as needed to maintain a consistent temperature according to the A/C settings. The thermo switch is part of the vehicle’s thermostat, which partly relies on the switch to keep track of air temperature.
The A/C thrust sensor detects pressure changes in the A/C system. Depending on pressure changes, the A/C thrust sensor turns the compressor on or off to avoid damaging the A/C system. When the A/C thrust sensor malfunctions, it can cause the A/C compressor to remain turned on or off, which can cause problems such as inadequate cooling or freezing within the cooling system.
The A/C Vacuum Valve maintains and restores the vacuum in the HVAC. You might need this if a broken valve that lost its airtight seal causes issues like the A/C not changing modes or hissing noises. Also called the vacuum check valve, the A/C vacuum valve connects to the vacuum hoses. The HVAC won’t operate properly if the A/C vacuum valve stops working.
The A/C Wiring Harness is a section of the wiring in the A/C system that connects the compressor to the blower motor. It keeps the different wires in the system organized and helps transfer electrical power between the different components in the system. The style of harness and number of wires attached to the harness varies depending on the vehicle’s make and model. Some vehicles need more than one A/C wiring harness in their system.
The ABS Cable Harness is a collection of cables that connects to your vehicle’s anti-lock braking system (ABS). The wires in the ABS cable harness are wrapped in electrical piping and lead up to a single plug. The harness handles the flow of information and helps power different electrical and electronic components connected to the ABS. The wires in the harness have different colors to help differentiate them from each other.
The ABS Control Module is a computer that regulates hydraulic pressure during braking activities, preventing the wheels from locking up.
The ABS control module relies on various sensors to ensure a vehicle’s optimal braking performance. It monitors wheel speed by counting the pulses from each wheel speed sensor. The sensors alert the module if one of the wheels is losing traction. Based on that input, the control module will apply the antilock brakes.
In most cases, the module can be found on the hydraulic motor assembly, but it can sometimes be found inside the trunk, passenger compartment, or under the hood.
The ABS hydraulic unit is part of a vehicle’s braking system. This component is composed of a hydraulic pump and several solenoid valves that modulate the brake pressure on individual wheels when a vehicle’s anti-lock braking (ABS) system activates. The ABS system allows the braking system to exert the most braking without locking the wheels, as this will significantly lessen braking performance. Modulating brake pressure to each wheel is important or wheels can lock up or skid, which can happen when the road is slippery.
The ABS Modulator regulates the hydraulic pressure in each brake line leading to each wheel. This part might be needed if you have ABS-related issues caused by a bad modulator. Also called the hydraulic control unit, the ABS modulator opens and closes ABS valves, controlling the flow of additional brake fluid to the brakes of specific wheels. The ABS module relies on the ABS modulator to stop slipping wheels while keeping non-slipping wheels running.
The ABS Modulator Valve is part of the vehicle’s anti-lock braking system (ABS). It controls the pressure of the brake fluid flowing to the brake calipers. This ensures that the brakes are applied evenly and effectively each time. When the ABS modulator valve fails, the brake pedal will likely feel low and unresponsive, compromising the entire braking system. In some cases, the driver will have to press the pedal harder, and the ABS warning light will turn on.
The ABS Pressure Monitor Switch is an electrical component connected to the vehicle’s anti-lock braking system. It breaks and closes an electric circuit linked to the pressure monitors. The system uses these monitors to check that the vehicle’s wheels aren’t locked. When the system senses that the wheels lock and skid while braking, it adjusts the pressure on the brake accordingly to eliminate the locking, allowing the driver more control in an emergency.
The Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) Relay is a switch that controls the flow of power from the battery to the ABS. ABS relays are designed to open and close the circuit, which sends an electrical signal to the ABS control module and activates the ABS solenoid valves. This will adjust the vehicle’s brake pressure and stop the wheels from locking up. Over time, ABS relays can degrade and malfunction, causing the entire ABS to fail.
An ABS Repair Kit is a collection of components used to repair or replace certain parts of a vehicle’s anti-lock braking system (ABS). These repair kits vary depending on what part of the system they address. Some contain wiring and connectors for the ABS’s different sensors, while others include parts to repair the ABS switches.
The ABS speed sensor monitors the speed of the wheels to help maintain stability and control.
ABS stands for “anti-lock braking system,” which prevents the vehicle from skidding out of control when hitting the brakes. It accomplishes this by factoring in the vehicle’s speed to decide when to engage the ABS.
The Accelerator Pedal controls the throttle valve, allowing drivers to make their vehicle go faster by simply stepping on it.
When drivers press the accelerator pedal, the throttle plate rotates within the throttle body, allowing more air to enter the intake manifold. This causes the driveshaft to turn faster and makes the wheels move faster, increasing the vehicle’s speed.
The Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor transmits the position of the accelerator pedal to the PCM. It uses two to three sensors to gather information. They work like a throttle position sensor and are needed for proper system function.
The output signal of one sensor increases as the accelerator pedal is depressed while the other sensor’s signal output decreases. The controller compares these two signals to determine the pedal position. Two to three sensors provide redundancy that allows the PCM to detect a malfunction easily.
The Accessory Belt Idler Assembly is the component responsible for maintaining the proper tension of the accessory drive belt, which is also known as the serpentine belt. If the serpentine belt becomes too loose, it might squeal and reduce engine performance. On the other hand, if the serpentine belt is too tight, it can damage itself and other related components.
The accessory belt tensioner or serpentine belt tensioner is a pulley that eliminates any slack from the serpentine belt. The serpentine belt wraps around the tensioner pulley and a spring-loaded arm pushes the belt, eliminating any slack. Eliminating this slack is important so that the belt can properly transfer power to components like the power steering pump, alternator, and A/C compressor. Insufficient tension will cause the belt to slip because of a lack of friction, affecting the component’s performance.
The Accessory Drive Belt, also known as the accessory belt, drives the accessories that run in the front of the engine. It uses rotational power from the engine to power the A/C compressor, alternator, power steering pump, and other accessories in the engine.
Accessory switch panels are installed on a vehicle’s dashboard or somewhere near the driver’s seat. These panels give the vehicle more space for accessory controls like lights or winches. They’re typically specifically made for a specific vehicle model for a seamless fit. However, there are universal accessory switch panels that can be installed on any vehicle. You’ll need to connect your new accessories or electronics to these switches so that you can control them.
The Active Grille Shutter is a system that can open and close the radiator air inlet, controlling airflow and engine bay temperature. This part might be needed if you need to upgrade a vehicle with a conventional grille or replace a damaged or worn-out active grille shutter. The active grille shutter mounts on the vehicle’s front, and it can reduce aerodynamic drag and improve fuel efficiency. The engine can regulate its temperature better with the help of the active grille shutter.
An air bag clockspring is an assembly found inside your vehicle’s steering wheel. This part has a spirally wound flat ribbon that allows the steering wheel to turn while maintaining a connection to the air bag, horn, and other steering wheel-mounted controls. A failed air bag clockspring can interfere with air bag functionality, which can be a safety risk. The air bag clock spring is also known as the coil spring unit, clock spring coil, spiral cable, coil assembly, or cable reel assembly.
The air bag connector is a part that connects the air bag to the electrical system and air bag module. Air bag connectors are attached to their respective air bags, and they deliver the activation signal and electrical power that trigger the part during collisions. The air bag module relies on the air bag connector to carry its signals to the part.
The Air Bag Impact Sensor detects when the vehicle crashes into another car or object. When the sensor determines that the collision is severe enough, it sends a signal to the air bag control module, which then deploys the air bag. While its exact location can vary depending on your vehicle’s year, make, and model, you can usually find the air bag impact sensor behind the front bumper or the A, B, and C pillars.
The Air Bag Module contains the arming sensor and other electronics that monitor related circuits for continuity as well as the capacitors that are discharged to deploy the air bags.
Aside from airbag deployment, the control module or inflator also stores crash data and codes. Some of the information stored in the air bag module include brake light switch activation, engine speed, and throttle position.
An Air Bag Sensor monitors various parameters like vehicle speed, acceleration, and changes in direction to detect impact. It sends these data to the airbag control module, which then triggers airbag deployment in case of a crash. Modern vehicles usually have multiple airbag sensors.
The Air Bag Switch is where the ignition key is inserted to deactivate the passenger airbag. A driver needs to get a form from NHTSA to have an on-off switch installed in their car. This is useful for individuals who need to transport a baby in a rear-facing child restraint in the front seat because the car doesn’t have a rear seat.
The Air Box, also known as the air filter box or the air filter housing, is a part of the air intake system that houses the air filter. It is a plastic box with a flexible rubber hose connected to the engine’s throttle body. It is located on the side of the engine compartment.
An air cleaner assembly or carburetor air box is a part between the carburetor and engine air intake. The air cleaner assembly is a cylinder-shaped filter that removes impurities like dust, dirt, and debris from the air that will enter the engine. Removing these particles is important because they can damage the engine in the long run. Over time, air cleaner assemblies must be replaced because they can restrict air flow when dirt accumulates.
The Air Cleaner Bracket holds and stabilizes the air filter, preventing the air cleaner from moving or vibrating. This part might be needed if damage or wear ruins the existing fitting, potentially leading to unfiltered air entering and damaging the engine. Air cleaner brackets are mounted in a vehicle’s air filter housing, and improve the filter’s performance and service life. The engine needs the air cleaner brackets to keep the filter in place and ensure it receives clean air.
The Air Cleaner Cover is a cover that houses the air cleaner, also known as an air filter. It’s located in the engine and helps the air filter operate properly. Air cleaner covers can vary in size, shape, and color, but they’re typically made of durable alloy aluminum or plate steel. Some covers are anodized to improve corrosion resistance. They’re usually sold individually, but you can also find assembly kits that include other hardware necessary for installation.
The Air Cleaner Hold-Down Clamp is a type of fastener that prevents dirt and water from entering the engine, protecting it from damage and performance issues. This clamp secures the air cleaner filter in place, helping it keep the engine in excellent working condition. Air cleaner hold-down clamps vary in size, design, and placement depending on the vehicle’s make and model. They’re typically made of metal to withstand the high temperatures near the engine.
The air cleaner nut is part of an engine’s air cleaner assembly. This assembly is typically found in older vehicles with carburetors. The air cleaner nut holds the engine’s air cleaner in place. A poorly secured air cleaner nut can cause the air cleaner to vibrate and make noises. The air cleaner can also come loose and damage engine components. Some air cleaner nuts can have decorative designs since they’re located on top of the engine.
The Air Cleaner Seal is a part that helps seal the engine air cleaner, preventing air loss through the joined parts. Also called the air filter seal, this part might be needed if the current or stock issue seal has loosened up or degraded, allowing air to leak out of the part. The air cleaner seal is mounted on a vehicle’s air cleaner, and some designs fit around the flange. The air cleaner needs its seal in good condition to help maintain air pressure in the engine and prevent contamination from outside the vehicle.
The Air Compressor Filter is a filter for the air compressor in an air suspension system. It protects the compressor from any harmful contaminants. This includes fluid, dirt, debris, and any other particles that can compromise the integrity of your air suspension system. Air compressor filters typically come with two inlets that connect to the intake and outtake lines of your suspension system. In some cases, however, you will need an additional clamp to secure the hose onto the filter.
Air deflectors are plastic accessories located around your vehicle’s windows or sunroof. These translucent acrylic pieces control airflow so that it moves around the window or sunroof, reducing wind noise at high speeds even when the sunroof is open. Aside from wind noise, turbulent air going into your cabin can also be reduced. Air deflectors can also play a role in rainy weather, as they can reduce the amount of water that enters your cabin even when the sunroof or windows are open slightly.
The air filter cleaner is a cleaning agent that removes dirt from an air filter. This cleaning agent refreshes a clogged air filter, allowing air to pass through the screen. There are air filter cleaners for both the engine air filter and the cabin air filter. The engine requires fresh air for effective air-fuel combustion, so it needs the air filter cleaner to unclog the air filter and let clean air through.
The Air Inject Check Valve is an important component of the air injection system that helps make sure the air injection process runs smoothly. It acts as a one-way gate that allows air to flow into the exhaust system while preventing exhaust gases from reentering the air injection system. When the exhaust pressure exceeds the injection pressure, the air inject valve automatically closes to prevent exhaust gases from flowing back into the system and contaminating the air.
The Air Intake Duct is responsible for moving air between engine sections. These sections require different amounts of air, and the air intake duct distributes the air it carries to these sections accordingly. The air intake duct serves as an airflow conduit and is part of the vehicle’s air intake system. It helps facilitate acceptable air-fuel ratios in the engine for proper combustion. It also assists in air circulation and ridding the engine of waste gases. The air intake duct connects to the radiator through a tube.
The Air Intake Elbow is a rubber tube that helps direct cold air from the air intake to the throttle body. This part might be needed if the currently fitted elbow develops leaks because it has worn out. The air intake elbow fits between the air box outlet and the throttle body. The engine relies on the air that goes through the elbow.
The Air Intake Hose is responsible for delivering fresh filtered air to the combustion chamber. It’s typically made from durable plastic or aluminum tubing that’s flexible enough to maintain good flow characteristics.
The air intake housing contains the vehicle’s air filter. Hence, this part is called the air filter housing or air intake box. The air intake housing is a set of plastic pipes and sections that lead air into the engine’s intake manifold, which is the component that directs air to each engine cylinder. Air intake housings are typically made using plastic because it’s lightweight and affordable.
The Air Intake Resonator is a chamber or opening in the intake pipe that helps muffle the noises made by the engine. This part might be needed to reduce the loudness of your vehicle’s engine or require a replacement. Also called an air intake resonator box, it’s mounted along a vehicle’s intake pipe and helps lower air pressure in the engine. The engine uses the air intake resonator for quieter running and extra power.
The Air Intake Scoop is an extended attachment that funnels cooler outside air into the vehicle’s engine and air intake system. Air intake scoops come in different shapes and sizes, but they’re typically made from lightweight carbon fiber. You can opt for a hood scoop pan that is placed in the grilles and requires no bolting, or you can get intake tubes that need additional hoses and hardware for installation.
The Air Pressure Gauge is a device used to measure tire pressure. Readings on this gauge are usually compared to a vehicle’s specified tire pressure, which can be found on a placard attached to the driver’s door or doorpost.
The Air Pump pushes air into the exhaust system to help the catalytic converter reburn pollutants in the exhaust. The oxygen in the pressurized air burns any unburned hydrocarbons to convert poisonous carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide. This reduces the amount of smog and emissions in older vehicles.
An Air Pump Filter is a component in the air injection system that filters the air pumped into the exhaust stream. It also collects dirt and dust, similar to engine or cabin air filters.
The Air Pump Hose is responsible for connecting the air pump to the engine. It’s important for the two parts to be connected via the hose so that fresh air is pumped to the exhaust manifold or catalytic converter to help oxidize unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide into water vapor and carbon dioxide.
The Air Spring inflates to raise the vehicle and deflates to lower it. Usually made of rubber, it’s usually located at the top of an air strut in the air suspension system. However, in vehicles where a strut and spring setup isn’t used, the air spring is used as a standalone part.
The Air Suspension Compressor is a type of air pump that draws air from outside the vehicle, pressurizes it, and feeds it into the vehicle’s air tank. From there, the compressed air can be used to lift the vehicle up through the air struts or air springs. Should the air in the air tank reach a certain minimum PSI, the air suspension compressor turns on again to supply more air to the tank.
The Air Suspension Control Module enhances vibration absorption performance and loading and unloading efficiency by adjusting the loading platform height according to the load to keep the system in top condition.
The Air Suspension Kit is a set of tools and parts used to convert coil suspensions into air suspensions. These kits are generally designed to adjust ride height for improved performance and enhanced towing/hauling capabilities.
The Air Suspension Sensor monitors the height and position of the vehicle’s suspension and sends the data to the control unit.
An air suspension is a type of vehicle suspension powered by an electric or engine-driven air pump or compressor. This system uses air-filled bags instead of traditional coil or leaf springs, allowing for adjustable ride height and improved comfort.
An Air Suspension Strut replaces a hydraulic strut, allowing ride height adjustments on the fly. It raises or lowers your vehicle as the compressor fills the airbag. Some have built-in caster/camber adjustments to dial in air suspension after installation.
There are two types of Air Temperature Sensors. One checks the ambient temperature outside the vehicle, and the other checks the temperature inside the cabin.
The Air Vent is responsible for distributing air inside the cabin once the blower motor is turned on.
The Alarm Control Unit is a component that manages and controls the operation of a vehicle’s security system. It receives input from multiple sensors and triggers appropriate responses, such as sounding the alarm.
The Alternator is the component responsible for building charge and powering the electrical components of a vehicle. It draws mechanical energy from the belt attached to the crankshaft. This energy is used to charge the car battery and power various electrical systems.
The Alternator Belt is a rubber belt that goes around the alternator. It charges the battery by driving a pulley that spins around an electric generator. Alternator belts serve as a link between the engine and the alternator, regulating the voltage of your vehicle. Over time, these belts will naturally wear and will start to crack or squeak. They can snap if left ignored for too long, so it’s important to replace a worn alternator belt as soon as possible.
An Alternator Cooling Hose supplies cold air into the alternator to prevent damage to the diodes and voltage regulator. This component helps maintain the alternator’s temperature within optimal operating limits to ensure normal operation.
The Alternator Decoupler Pulley, also known as the ADP, is responsible for boosting engine efficiency and minimizing the vibrations in the belt drive system. The ADP is typically mounted in front of the alternator. It helps reduce drag, improve fuel economy, and reduce belt tension.
The alternator pulley allows the vehicle’s serpentine belt to spin the alternator, which is the component that creates power for the vehicle. The pulley is typically made from stamped steel or cast aluminum. The surface where the belt meets the pulley typically has grooves that match similar grooves on the serpentine belt, allowing the pulley to grip the belt better and preventing any slip. Meanwhile, the inside surface of the pulley has a bearing that allows it to spin without much resistance.
The Alternator Repair Kit contains various fail items like bearings, brush sets, and rectifiers that need eventual replacement in an alternator. Also called an alternator rebuild kit, the kit might be required if alternator components or the entire device needs repair or replacement. Alternator repair kits are necessary to fix or rebuild the electrical part. The alternator needs the fail items in the repair kit to continue working and extend its operational lifespan.
The Alternator Seal is a type of rubber gasket that helps secure the alternator bracket to the alternator. It keeps engine oil from flowing to the alternator. Over time, alternator seals can wear and lose their elasticity. In some cases, they can start drying up and cracking. This can lead to oil leakage, which can damage the engine. Alternator seals can come in different shapes and sizes, so be sure to get one that fits your vehicle.
The Ambient Light Sensor is a sensor that helps the automatic light-on function in certain vehicles determine when to automatically turn on the vehicle’s headlights. The sensor detects the light inside the vehicle cabin. When the system picks up darkness outside the vehicle from a tunnel or bridge, but the ambient light sensor indicates the cabin still has light, the system doesn’t turn the headlights on. The headlights only turn on once the ambient light sensor indicates darkness in the cabin and the system picks up darkness outside the cabin.
The antenna is a device usually mounted on a vehicle’s roof that helps boost signal reception for various devices in your vehicle that use satellite or radio signals. Radio antennas are essentially small electric wires and a metal rod, which can pick up radio signals. That said, the cables and metal rods typically have a plastic cover that protects them from the elements. Antennas can come in the form of an assembly that’s screwed onto a vehicle’s cabin roof. Some power antennas retract when not in use.
The antenna base is the mount for the car antenna. Antenna bases are mounted on a vehicle’s exterior and are often found on the rear or the roof. The car antenna needs the antenna base as a mount and connector to the electrical system. The wires that come from the radio and other equipment that use the antenna also usually run through the antenna base.
The Antenna Cable is a wire that connects the antenna to a television, radio, or router. It transmits radio frequency signals between the antenna and the device. This improves the reception and allows for better-quality audio and video. Antenna cables come in various cable lengths and connectors, with some requiring an adapter to connect to an aftermarket stereo system. You can buy antenna cables individually or purchase one in a set together with an adapter.
The Antenna Mast is a fiberglass or metal rod that attaches to a vehicle’s exterior. It receives radio signals and relays these signals to various vehicle accessories such as the radio, the GPS, and other communication devices. An antenna mast can mount to the vehicle’s roof, trunk, or hood. Some models are retractable while others are fixed. Aftermarket antenna masts often have upgraded features such as better reception, more flexible designs, and so on.
An Anti-Theft Module is a security system that prevents unauthorized access or theft of vehicles. There are numerous anti-theft systems, with most of them using different forms of systems and components to prevent theft.
The Arm Rest is a seat accessory that supports the arms of a vehicle’s occupants. Located on the side of seats, it typically folds out of the way when not in use. Some arm rests come with cushions to make people even more comfortable as they sit.
The automatic temperature control (ATC) power module regulates the blower motors’ operation. A programmer controls the ATC Power Module via pulse-width-modulated signals.
Once activated, the blower motor sends an output on either the power or ground side of the circuit.
Bushings can act as a bearing if they are inserted into a housing or bore, giving a contact surface for a rotating shaft. An automatic transmission bushing helps support rotating shafts in an automatic transmission. Bushings are used over bearings because they’re less sensitive to shock, spreading load on a larger area. Meanwhile, bearings are smoother but more prone to develop issues over time. Bushings are also easier to produce and more affordable.
The Automatic Transmission Control Solenoid regulates the flow of transmission fluid through the valve body, enabling your vehicle to shift gears smoothly. You might need this part if the transmission shows delays when shifting between gears and other issues because one of the solenoids failed. Automatic transmission control solenoids are usually found inside the valve body, and each gear usually has one solenoid. The automatic transmission relies on these control solenoids to ensure it can shift under torque and avoid gear slippage.
Also known as the pinion seal, the Automatic Transmission Differential Seal is a type of seal that separates the differential gear oil from the automatic transmission fluid. Most vehicles need two automatic transmission differential seals, and they’re typically stacked back-to-back between the differential case and the automatic case. When the seal fails, it can cause the automatic transmission fluid to flow into the final drive section and contaminate the gear oil.
The Automatic Transmission Dipstick is a long, thin stick with a handle that sticks out of the transmission. On rear-wheel drive vehicles with in-line engines, the dipstick is typically located near the back of the engine. The dipstick has markings on it to indicate whether the vehicle’s transmission fluid levels are high, low, or adequate. This helps drivers know when they need to refill their vehicle’s transmission fluid to ensure proper transmission operation.
The Automatic Transmission Filter prevents debris and other contaminants from mixing with clean transmission fluid. The filter usually sits between the transmission oil pan and the tube that regulates transmission fluid pressure.
Most manufacturers advise replacing the transmission filter anywhere between 80,000 and 100,000 km, depending on certain driving conditions.
The Automatic Transmission Front Pump is the component responsible for drawing transmission fluid from the pan and passing it through the filter and into the pump. The fluid is pressurized in the pump before being distributed to the valve body, torque converter, clutches, and other components that might need it.
The automatic transmission input shaft transfers power from the torque converter to the automatic transmission’s sun gear. Some input shafts have the sun gear teeth integrated on one end, providing a direct connection to the automatic transmission’s planetary gears. Meanwhile, the other end of the input shaft has serrations that are meant to slot into the torque converter. The input shaft is located on the front of the transmission housing facing the engine.
The Automatic Transmission Input Shaft Seal keeps transmission fluid from escaping past the input shaft or driveshaft. This part might be needed if fluid leaks from where the input shaft enters the torque converter or clutch disk. Automatic transmission input shaft seals are mounted on the input shaft and the driveshaft, and front-wheel drive vehicles have a rear seal on each axle. The transmission relies on the input shaft seals to prevent fluid loss.
The Automatic Transmission Input Shaft Speed Sensor is a sensor that measures the input shaft’s rotational speed in an automatic transmission system. It sends this information to the transmission electronic control unit (TECU) through a voltage signal.
The TECU collects speed readings from the main shaft speed sensor. It then compares the collected data and calculates the main case, auxiliary case, and transmission gear ratios.
An Automatic Transmission Oil Cooler creates additional surface area to keep the transmission fluid cool as it travels to the radiator and back to the transmission.
There are generally four types of oil coolers, including the tube and fin; plate and fin; stacked plate; and heat sink transmission cooler.
An Automatic Transmission Oil Cooler Hose Assembly transports transmission fluid between the transmission and the oil cooler in vehicles with automatic transmissions. The transmission oil hose is about six inches long and is typically located underneath the vehicle’s passenger area.
The Automatic Transmission Oil Cooler Thermostat is responsible for regulating the temperature of the transmission fluid, ensuring it stays within the optimal range. Transmission fluid that becomes too hot degrades while fluid that gets too cold causes poor shifting. Keeping transmission fluid at its optimal temperature range boosts performance and increases the longevity of the transmission.
Auxiliary Lights are additional lighting systems that improve visibility when driving at night or under inclement weather.
Auxiliary lights are usually mounted on the bumper or grill, but they can also be attached to the roof or roll bar.
The Auxiliary Water Pump circulates warm coolant throughout the engine’s cooling system to help the vehicle regulate its temperature on colder days. If a vehicle struggles to keep itself warm, there’s a good chance there’s something wrong with its auxiliary water pump.
The Awning is an accessory that attaches to a vehicle’s roof rack. It provides shade and can be set up to cover an area adjacent to the vehicle, keeping the area dry in the rain and cool during sunny weather. The awning may vary in size depending on its design, and it provides shelter for the vehicle’s occupants while camping or otherwise stationed somewhere outdoors. The awning can also be folded up and stored to save space when travelling.
An Axle Assembly includes different parts that work together to efficiently transfer the forces from the drive system to the wheels. This includes the axle shafts, differential, and axle housing.
The Axle Bearing Retainer secures the axle bearings and holds them in place. It keeps the bearings evenly spaced, allowing for faster speeds. Bearing retainers also stop bearings from losing their alignment, minimizing the risk of friction damage to the axle and related components.
An Axle Block is a spacer that sits between the rear axle and leaf springs to increase or decrease vehicle height.
An axle placed on top of the spring will lower the vehicle. Meanwhile, placing a lift block will raise the vehicle if the axle is under the leaf spring.
TheAxle Breather Vent Tube is a component on top of the axle that helps release pressurized air into the atmosphere. Air pressure in the axle increases as the temperature rises. This makes vent tubes necessary to prevent the pressurized air from breaking seals and causing oil leaks.
An Axle Disconnect is a system that splits an axle shaft into two pieces to reduce drag. In an axle disconnect system, the spider and side gears are spinning while other parts like the differential carrier, pinion, and drive shaft are at rest.
Axle Nuts are responsible for securing the axle and the wheels of a vehicle together. While the axle nuts themselves don’t serve any other purpose, the parts they connect are vital when it comes to vehicle operation.
The axle o-ring is a rubber ring that sits on the c-clip groove at the end of the axle shaft. Unlike other o-rings which are meant to provide a seal and prevent leaks, the axle o-ring is meant to support the c-clip or u-washer in position along the axle shaft. The washers or c-clips are used to secure one of the axles that are inserted into the differential.
The Axle Seal is a flexible seal that keeps gear oil in the axle and prevents contaminants from entering. Also called the axle shaft seal, it might be needed if the current axle seal fails because of damage, wear, or improper installation. The axle seal rides on a vehicle’s axle shaft and comes into contact with the differential or transmission, and they help keep the axle lubricated and clean. The transmission relies on the axle seal to ensure that the axle shaft works properly, transferring power from the engine to the transmission.
The Axle Shaft is a load-bearing component that transfers rotational force from the transmission system to a vehicle’s wheels. This allows the wheels to move, and the shaft also helps facilitate controlled movement in the vehicle’s wheels. Axle shafts are heavy-duty parts that support most of the weight in the vehicle’s cabin, including cargo, riders, and the vehicle’s body. The axle shaft is also known as a CV axle or half-shaft. The types of axle shafts are semi-floating, fully floating, and three-quarter floating axle shafts.
The Axle Shaft Bearing makes it possible for the wheels to spin freely. The bearing also bears the weight of the vehicle and maintains proper wheel alignment during cornering activities.
As you turn left or right, the axle shaft bearing helps in shifting the weight of the vehicle so that more is transferred to the outer wheels and less to the inner wheels.
An Axle Shaft Bearing Retainer secures the axle shaft bearing in place to ensure it’s aligned and working. The retainer also prevents the bearing from moving out of position, which could lead to misalignment and even damage to the axle.
The Axle Spindle Seal is a component of the axle spindle, which is the part that connects the wheel hubs of a non-driven wheel to the knuckle. The seal keeps grease inside the wheel hubs, ensuring the axle, spindle, and wheel bearings stays lubricated and mobile.
If the seal is damaged, the grease will leak out and moisture and other contaminants can leak in and damage the bearings.
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